The Consequences of Not Recycling In Missouri - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1063 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/03/14 Category Environment Essay Level High school Tags: Recycling Essay Did you like this example? The planet Earth is truly astonishing. The Earth recycles everything and reuses the material from dead plants and animals to feed new plant life and to make new soil to replenish itself. But some things that are man-made take hundreds of years for the Earth to decompose. Humankind should try to do the same thing the Earth does: recycle. Trash has been overwhelming landfills and filling the lakes, ponds and rivers in Missouri and across the world. Its up to humans to prevent this and ensure a better future. Missourians generate 6.15 pounds of waste daily. Thats 37 percent above the national average of 4.5 pounds. According to the Missouri Department of National Resources 2006-2007 Waste Composition Study, nearly 45 percent of the municipal solid waste deposited in Missouri landfills could have been recycled. Some of the wastes in landfills included metals, paper, plastics, and glass. The study estimated that each year more than 1.9 million tons of recyclable materials were disposed of in Missouri landfills. Thats 1.9 million tons of materials that could have been recycled. Its important to reduce, reuse, and recycle in order to get these numbers down and keep landfills from containmenting the environment. Ways to do this are donate old furniture, clothes, and other items to charities, start composting, take cloth bags to the store instead of getting plastic bags, and recycle anything that can be recycled. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Consequences of Not Recycling In Missouri" essay for you Create order Illegal dumping has become an issue in Missouri. Abandoned piles of garbage can threaten the health of humans, wildlife, and the environment. These open dump sites can sadly be found throughout Missouri. They are often found at the bottom of ravines, in empty lots, in pastures, and along roadsides. If these dump sites are allowed to remain, they will grow larger and attract more dumping by others. These open dumps create a public nuisance and divert land from more productive uses. They also pose many health, safety and environmental threats. They can cause fire and explosion and they damage plant and wildlife habitats. They can contaminate streams, rivers, lakes, soil, groundwater, and drinking water wells. Its important to report illegal dumping to make sure it doesnt continue to happen. Despite all of the advantages of recycling, there have been disagreements and attacks on it. Some people claim that the environmental benefits of recycling are overrated because it can lead to pollution. The recycling process alone produces a lot of pollutants and during the sorting process, metals and other chemicals may leach into the land and water. Some people say it is too costly. Manufacturing plants need to built and trucks are needed to haul the recycled materials. It costs $4,000 in the United States to recycle one ton of plastic bags. People argue that recycled products are often of lesser quality and are often too fragile or overused. They say products made from used and repurposed materials dont have the same quality of new material. Contamination is also a big problem in the recycling industry. If there are any impurities or toxins on the original material, theyll often make it through the recycling process and end up in the new product. Although these disadvantages e xist, its still vital to reuse materials and improve and start new recycling programs. When comparing what happens to items that are placed in trash cans with items that are placed in recycling bins, its clear to see the economic benefits that recycling has over landfilling. Trucks are needed to collect both trash and recyclables. Trash is hauled to a transfer station and then sent to a landfill. Recyclables are sent to a Materials Recovery Facility. The collection and hauling process is the same for both, but what happens after is what makes their economic impacts very different. The City of St. Louis for example spends $33.98 per ton to send trash to a landfill. If it goes to a recycling facility, only $15.60 per ton is spent. The reason for this is recyclables have value as a commodity, and that offsets the cost of processing them into marketable products. The money that is saved by recycling can then be used to cover the rising cost of providing Refuse Division services. It can also prevent the need to increase trash collection fees. Once trash is buried in a la ndfill, any value it may have had is lost. It also builds up and doesnt always decay. Items still have value when they are recycled. Manufacturers can recycle them into new products and then sell their products to consumers. This helps maintain and create jobs in both manufacturing and retail sectors. Recycling not only helps the environment, it helps the economy as well. Recycling sustains more jobs than landfills. On a per-ton basis, sorting and processing recyclables sustain 10 times more jobs than landfilling. In a study conducted by the University of Missouri, they found that there are approximately 16,000 people employed in 1,500 recycling businesses in the St. Louis Metropolitan area. This includes businesses involved with recycling collection and processing, salvage, manufacturing, retail, education and composting. The more we recycle, the more businesses are able to grow and continue to contribute to the local economy. Electronics can take hundreds of years to decompose. Glass alone is estimated to take up to a million years to decay. Some electronic scraps can be classified as a hazardous must be regulated as a hazardous waste. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources recognized the e-scrap management problems. They took steps to in order to reduce the risks on human health and the environment. The workgroup developed a strategy called e-cycle Missouri. E-cycle Missouri is a program designed to provide the public with information that is needed to recycle electronics. The program provides electronic equipment recyclers with best management practices for collecting, processing and transporting e-scrap in Missouri in a way that will protect the environment. There are also laws against electronics being discarded into landfills. It is recommended that electronics should be recycled or donated. Not recycling results in pollution that will affect the planet future. The state of Missouri is working to ensure the environment is cleaner, safer, and healthier. To protect the wildlife and many lakes and other bodies of water, its essential to recycle. To read more about recycling in Missouri, visit the MORA website at www.MORA.. Humans must do their part to take care of the earth and recycle to guarantee a greater future for Missouri and the planet.

Analysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth - 1149 Words

Kyung Jin Kim Limon AP Lang Per. 5 23 November 2015 Biographical Summary Despite being a world-renown playwright, William Shakespeare remains to this very day a man with a past shrouded in mystery. Very few documents provide historians insight on his personal life. In fact, the record of Shakespeare in his earliest years is limited to a mere baptismal record that reveals his birth date to be around April 26, 1564. Fifty-two years later from that day, Shakespeare would be interred at Trinity Church. Born near London in the town of Stratford-upon-Avon as the third child to John Shakespeare, the local alderman and bailiff, Shakespeare is believed to have attended King’s New School because his father held an official position. Shakespeare did not receive any higher level education, however. Hardly anything else is known of the young William Shakespeare’s childhood. Shakespeare’s timeline then jumps ahead to November 28, 1852 when he married Anne Hathaway to legitimize Hathaway’s pregnancy. Their first daughter Susanna was born shortly after the marriage. She was shortly followed by the twins Judith and Hamnet, the latter who died aged eleven. The twins’ birth marked the beginning of what is known as the â€Å"lost years†; a period of seven years during which no records exist about Shakespeare leaving scholars to only speculate what occurred. The commonly accepted theory is that he moved to London to work as an attendant at a theatre before moving into play writing. Evidence forShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1785 Words   |  8 PagesScotland! A man has a great ordeal on his hands. Some might say that Macbeth has a second chance or a life long dream that could change his future forever. Deep in the heart of Birnam forest, a castle sits upon Dunsinane Hill, with a man made foundation built from paved bricks that have housed the many Kings that have ruled this Kingdom. Macbeth hears a prophecy from three evil and dilapidated witches foretelling his future. Macbeth, terrified yet surprised, is unsure of his morals and is battling betweenRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare1351 Words   |  6 PagesKnown for his tragedy, intrigue, comedy, and romance, Shakespeare extends his boundary of prowess in the play Macbeth. The irony present in the play, the double-meaning of the characters’ actions, and the complexity of setting all contribute to a thrilling story of murder and looking beyond the superficial. Dramatic, situational, and verbal irony greatly contribute to the theme of things are not what they seem in Macbeth text and film. Shakespeare uses the contrast in irony to convey this in the character’sRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare1236 Words   |  5 Pagesit. This idea of equivocation is abun dant in Shakespeare’s tragedy, Macbeth. In Macbeth, Shakespeare exposes literary devices such as illustrative imagery, sarcastic similes, and dubious diction to unveil one of his many themes: Things are not always what they seem. Shakespeare beautifully illustrates this fact through the duplicity of Macbeth, his wife, the three suspicious witches, and king Duncan . Starting the play, Macbeth is a very much regarded saint who seems, by all accounts, to be an incredibleRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Macbeth By William Shakespeare2081 Words   |  9 PagesShakespeare Essay Shakespeare uses language in his literary creations as a technique to enrich the ideas of his works. In his play Macbeth, Shakespeare uses metaphor as a useful way to enhance language and construct the overall idea. Macbeth revolves around the prospect of ‘power,’ and also focuses on what one is willing to do in order to gain power, and also to maintain it. Throughout the novel, Shakespeare uses metaphors and comparative techniques that link together to develop theRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1668 Words   |  7 Pagesthe meaning of a story. When we first studied Macbeth, I thought that the word â€Å"hand† would be used in a strictly literal manner. Instead, I discovered that through the play the term embodied a rather dark connotation and symbolized Macbeth’s submission to evil instead of the literal meaning. As early as act one, Macbeth prevents â€Å"the eye† from winking at â€Å"the hand† because à ¢â‚¬Å"the eye fears, when it is done, to see† (Shakespeare 1.4.335-336). Macbeth lusts for the throne, but in order to retrieveRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 829 Words   |  4 Pages10 May 12, 2016 Macbeth Essay Macbeth, by William Shakespeare is a tragedy that happens At the very beginning of the play, Lady Macbeth is provoked by the letter she receives by Macbeth and starts plotting the murder of Duncan. She also wishes she were a man such that she could commit the murder all by herself saying so in Act 1 Scene 5, â€Å"Come, you spirits That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty† (Macbeth 1.5.36-52). She appealsRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1169 Words   |  5 Pagesentertainment. Syfy has been around a lot longer than the 21st century though. William Shakespeare’s play Macbeth uses instances of the supernatural to make the main character Macbeth act unorthodoxly, to disquiet and to make him sanguine, by using witches and apparitions. The three witches make Macbeth lean towards acting unlike himself by convincing him that he will become the Thane of Cawdor and the King of Scotland. When Macbeth does indeed become Thane of Cawdor, he believes that he will become theRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth1451 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeare wrote Macbeth in the early 1600’s. Macbeth was written during a time of political unrest in the Jacobean era, political context is a strong theme of the play. It seems that politics have not changed much over the centuries. Although politicians may not be murdering each other for their chance at the throne, the majority are corrupt and committing felonies to get to and stay in a position of power. Political corruption today facilitates numerous criminal enterprises. Macbeth’sRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 1887 Words   |  8 Pagesdisaster. â€Å"Macbeth’’ is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare and is considered one of his darkest and most powerful works. William Shakespeare was born in Stratford -upon -avon, in Warwickshire and was baptized a few days later on 26 April 1566. William Shakespeare was educated at the local King Edward grammar school Stratford and is considered by many to be the greatest playwright of all time.(Bio.) In Macbeth, William Shakespeare used ambition to show us Lady Macbeth and Macbeth and theirRead MoreAnalysis Of William Shakespeare s Macbeth 2339 Words   |  10 PagesIn this essay I will be analysing in great detail how William Shakespeare the writer of a variety of plays, describes the range of different features and techniques that he has used in both Macbeth (Act 2 Scene 2), and Capulet (Act 3 Scene 5), and how he Shakespeare has represented the main characters of each play to be shown as disturbed emotionally, physically, and psychologically during the plays. Firstly, when Capulet is shown he is seen by the audience as being in a good, cheerful, happy, and

Advertising It’s Everywhere Free Essays

Advertising: It’s EverywhereNo, it’s not your imagination. The amount of advertising and marketing North Americans are exposed to daily has exploded over the past decade; studies show, that on average we see 3,000 ads per day. At the gas pumps, in the movie theatre, in a washroom stall, during sporting events—advertising is impossible to avoid. We will write a custom essay sample on Advertising: It’s Everywhere or any similar topic only for you Order Now Even outer space isn’t safe from commercialization: the Russian space program launched a rocket bearing a 30-foot Pizza Hut logo, and some companies have investigated placing ads in space that will be visible from earth. The challenge of the future may be finding public and private spaces that are free of advertising. Marketers are pressed to find even more innovative and aggressive ways to cut through the â€Å"ad clutter† or â€Å"ad fatigue† of modern life. Here’s an overview of some of the ways marketers are targeting us: * Ambient advertising Ambient advertising refers to intrusive ads in public places. With the cost of traditional media advertising skyrocketing and a glut of ads fighting for consumers’ attention, marketers are aggressively seeking out new advertising vehicles. Cars, bicycles, taxis and buses have become moving commercials. Ambient ads appear on store floors, at gas pumps, in washrooms stalls, on elevator walls, park benches, telephones, fruit and even pressed into the sand on beaches. Even some members of the industry itself are critical of this trend to slap ads on everything. Bob Garfield, columnist for the ad industry magazine  Advertising Age, calls this plethora of commercial messages â€Å"environment pollutants. † Others worry that this deluge of advertising will create a backlash with consumers. Stealth- endorsers Marketers are moving away from the traditional use of celebrities as product hucksters, since a cynical public no longer believes that celebrities actually use the products they endorse in commercials. The trend now is to brand celebrities with specific merchandise by having them use or wear products in public appearances or promote them in media interviews—without making it clear that the celebrities are paid spokespeople. * Naming rights Corporations are turning public spaces into commodities by purchasing naming rights to arenas, theatres, parks, schools, museums and even subway systems. Cash-strapped municipalities see naming rights as a way to raise much-needed revenues without raising taxes. * Targeted advertising Targeted ads are a form of Internet marketing. Using sophisticated data collecting technologies, Web sites can combine a user’s personal information with surfing preferences to create ads that are specifically tailored for that user. * Cross-merchandizing A wave of media mergers over the past decade has produced a handful of powerful conglomerates that now own all the major film studios, TV networks, radio and television stations, cable channels, Internet, book and magazine publishing and music companies. These giant conglomerates use their various media holdings to promote products and artists through massive cross-promotional campaigns. For example, when the world’s largest entertainment conglomerate AOL Time Warner was preparing the release of the film  Harry Potter and the Sorcerer’s Stone, it enlisted all its various media divisions—cable systems, speciality channels, TV networks, magazines and Internet companies—to help mass-market the movie and the spin-off merchandise. Commenting on the phenomenally successful cross-promotional approach used to market the film (Harry Potter smashed all previous opening records, grossing $90 million in its first weekend) AOL Time Warner executive Richard Parsons explained: â€Å"This drove synergy both ways. Not only did we use our promotional and advertising platforms to help create awareness, we used the film to drive traffic to those vehicles. † * Product placement The future of product placement as a successful advertising tool was assured when the 1982 film  ET  featured Reese’s Pieces in a pivotal scene—causing sales of the candy to jump 65 per cent. Since that time, product placement in movies, on TV, and increasingly in video games, has become a commonplace marketing technique. The marketing company FeatureThis extols the virtues of product placement for potential clients, on its Web site: â€Å"Break through the cluttered media entertainment environment inexpensively,† it claims â€Å"product placement in feature films and television reaches millions of consumers, over and over again. † With the advent of technologies such as TiVo, which allow consumers to edit out TV commercials, product placement is taking on an even greater importance. TV producers are looking for new ways to integrate advertising and content. Basing an entire show around a product is one technique; and giving viewers the capability of immediately purchasing products featured on the program is another. Following a segment of the NBC TV show  Will and Grace, in which a character wore a pink Polo shirt, the network ran a 10-second clip telling viewers to go to the Polo Web site (which is 50 per cent owned by NBC) to purchase one. The site sold $3,000 worth of shirts over the next five days. In the near future, Interactive TV will allow users to order a pair of pants that your favourite TV star is wearing, merely by clicking on them. * Digital or â€Å"virtual† advertising Digital advertising goes one step further than product placement by using computer technology to add products to scenes that were never there to begin with. This practice is common in sporting events coverage, where ads are digitally inserted onto the billboards, sideboards and playing surfaces in arenas and stadiums. While digital ads are mainly used in sports coverage, virtual advertising is starting to break into the entertainment world as producers digitally insert products into TV scenes after the scenes are shot. The technology also allows product names to be altered in scenes, creating the potential for new advertising revenues when series are sold into syndication. | How to cite Advertising: It’s Everywhere, Papers

Business Model Canvas Analysis of Google †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Model Canvas Analysis of Google. Answer: Introduction: Google is a multinational technology organization of American origin which mainly specialises in the internet related products and services. The services of the company include, technologies related to online advertising, software, hardware and cloud computing. The organization was founded in the year 1998 by Sergey Brin and Larry Page. The rapid growth of the organization has been driven with the help of various products including, core search engine of the company (Google Search), services designed for the work related purposes (Google Doc, Slides and Sheets). The products include, Google Calendar, Google Drive, Google Duo, Google+, Google Maps, Google Translate, YouTube, Google Keep, Google Photos (Google., 2018). The growth of the organization had started from the year 1999 when the offices were moved to California. The organization has gone through changes and acquired many new companies during this phase. The revenues of the company also increased in a stable manner from the ye ar 2000. The search engine platform provided by Google had become dominant in the market and was able to acquire a huge position of the entire market within the year 2013. The business model canvas of Google will be analysed in the report based on the nine building blocks of business (Beckett Dalrymple, 2017). Business model canvas of Google Key Partners Vendors of software Vendors of hardware Advertisers Developers of the apps Partners related to distribution Key Activities Managing the data centers Maximizing the network effects R D related to the development of new products Managing the massive infrastructure based on IT (Dorantes-Gonzalez et al., 2015) Value Proposition Free search Free sites Free apps Free collaboration socially Free monitoring of the sites Free systems of operations Targeted advertisements Selling of the ad space Selling of the apps Search appliance of Google Google apps related to business Customer Relationships Mass relationship in an automated manner Direct relationship with the corporate customers Dedicated sales related to large accounts Customer Segments Customers related to search operations Apps customers Sites customers Corporate customers Google+ customers Advertiser and advertising customers Owners of mobile devices Internet users Developers (Frana et al., 2017) Key Resources Partners of the company Data centers Platform of the company Channels Network of the partners Direct sales with the corporate customers Support and sales teams on the global platform Cost Structure Costs related customer acquisition Vendor costs related software Operations costs in the data centers (Fritscher Pigneur, 2014) Revenue Streams Share of the revenues related to app sales. Fees related to subscriptions Free information regarding the users Free information related to the sites Revenue from the ad words Fees from licensing Revenue related to hardware Product sales of the enterprise (Ghezzi et al., 2015) Key relationships between the nine building blocks Business Model Canvas is a tool used for strategic management for the purpose of developing a new business or the documentation of an existing business. This is a visual chart which contains the elements which can describe the value proposition, customers, finances and the infrastructure. This framework can be used for the purpose of analysing the business and further taking steps to improve the various areas related to the organization. Business canvas is used for the purpose bridging the gap between the strategies and the processes that are implemented in the business. The nine building blocks of the business model canvas are related and dependent on each other (Gonalves da Silva, 2017). The business model canvas of Google is described as follows, Key Activities The key activities that are performed by the organization include, the research and development related functions that are performed for the development of the new features and technologies. These activities also include the development of the existing technologies of the organization. The organization also spends a large amount of time in the management and maintenance related activities of the massive infrastructures in the IT related services and products. The activities of the organization are performed on the strategy, alliance and marketing areas (Joyce Paquin, 2016). Key resources The key resources of the organization include, servers, IT infrastructure and servers that are required by the processes in the company. The licenses, proprietary related materials and patents are the other resources of Google. Value proposition The offerings of the organization aim towards creating value for the customers related to advertising, internet search, advertising and platforms. This offering is supported by the mission statement of the organization. Customer Segment The customers of the company are divided into three major segments which are, the users, advertisers and the network members of Google. Customer relationships The customer relationships are built to include the support and sales related services which are dedicated for the larger customers (Ojasalo Ojasalo, 2015). Channels The channels are used to reach the customers with the help of google.com and other affiliate websites of the organization. Cost Structure The primary costs are related to IT infrastructure, marketing related costs, people and the costs related to research and development. Revenue Streams The revenue stream is related to the income that is generated from the advertisements in the search engine. The different components of the business model canvas help in the delivery of value to the customers. The value proposition helps in the addition of distinctiveness to the company so that it can differentiate itself from the others in the market. The BMC of Google is related to the interaction between the various components so that value can be created. The business concept of Google is shaped in such a manner so that it constitutes the key drivers of business. The main factor related to the mission statement of Google states that the company needs to concentrate on the customers and success will follow (Plenter et al., 2017). The organization has developed a client base which helps them in understanding the customers. The suppliers, resources and the activities of the organization are related to each other in such a way so that they can deliver the services to the customers. The revenues of the organization are earned from the advertisements on Pay Per Click basis. The relationships that are maintained by the organization with the customers has a major effect on the revenue stream. The partners and the channels of the company play a major role in increasing the revenues of Google. Critical success factors of Google The critical success factor of Google is the coordinated group of employees who are a major part of the corporate culture of the organization. The groups are formed by leaders who work as an effective and single team. The organization has always been committed in providing the best available technologies to the customers. Google has planned for expansions whenever it was necessary for the profitability of the company. The marketing and promotion related activities of the organization have always been performed with the help of the brand that has been created in the industry. The colourful display of the homepage of Google has been able to attract the attention of the customers and users (Romero, Villalobos Sanchez, 2015). Google has been a successful organization since the time of its inception in the year 1998 and has created a different position in the industry. However, the organization may have to face some serious issues in the near future. The investment of Google on the Google Plus platform which is being used to provide competition to Facebook, however they have not been able to create a user-friendly platform like Facebook. The search engine of Google is mostly by the users who operate the computers. However, in case of the mobile user apps are used much more as compared to the Google search engine. The payment related platforms that were introduced by Google has failed to gain much of the share in the market. The growth of the organization has slowed down in the recent times due to the increasing competition in the industry (Vargas, Calva Camacho, 2015). Recommended changes in the business model The organization needs to extend its business so that they can gain revenues from the other areas excluding those that are gained from advertisements. The channels of the sales team need to be extended so that the organization can create a large sales force. The customer segments can be increased by expanding the business operations in the other areas. The members of the Google Network can be increased by creating new business opportunities. Google can aim at making their social networking site Google Plus much more interactive and user-friendly in nature so that it can compete with the other organizations in the industry. The investment on the organization can be increased so that Google can further expand its operations in the industry. The organization has focused its business activities in similar areas and this leads to the lack of diversity in Google, this issue can be resolved by acquiring new business areas. The organization needs to hold on their own identity when they expan d their business in new areas. The major change that can be made to the business model is the increase of suppliers and partners in their own area of operations. References Beckett, R. C., Dalrymple, J. (2017, December). Business Model Value Capture: an Activity Theory Perspective. InISPIM Innovation Symposium(pp. 1-13). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Dorantes-Gonzalez, D. J., Kkayd?n, H., zlem, ?., Bulgan, G., Ayd?n, U., Son Turan, S., ... Teixeira, F. F. (2015). Improved Business Model Representation of Innovation Concepts. InProceedings of the 2015 World Conference on Technology, Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Istanbul, Turkey, May(pp. 28-30). Frana, C. L., Broman, G., Robrt, K. H., Basile, G., Trygg, L. (2017). An approach to business model innovation and design for strategic sustainable development.Journal of Cleaner Production,140, 155-166. Fritscher, B., Pigneur, Y. (2014, July). Visualizing business model evolution with the business model canvas: Concept and tool. InBusiness Informatics (CBI), 2014 IEEE 16th Conference on(Vol. 1, pp. 151-158). IEEE. Ghezzi, A., Cavallaro, A., Rangone, A., Balocco, R. (2015, April). A Comparative Study on the Impact of Business Model Design Lean Startup Approach versus Traditional Business Plan on Mobile Startups Performance. InICEIS (3)(pp. 196-203). Gonalves, R. F., da Silva, M. T. (2017, March). System Thinking and Business Model Canvas for Collaborative Business Models Design. InAdvances in Production Management Systems. Initiatives for a Sustainable World: IFIP WG 5.7 International Conference, APMS 2016, Iguassu Falls, Brazil, September 3-7, 2016, Revised Selected Papers(Vol. 488, p. 461). Springer. Google. (2018).Google.co.in. Retrieved 22 March 2018, from https://www.google.co.in/?gfe_rd=crdcr=0ei=wYWzWqzrM8KmX6ixusAC Joyce, A., Paquin, R. L. (2016). The triple layered business model canvas: A tool to design more sustainable business models.Journal of Cleaner Production,135, 1474-1486. Ojasalo, J., Ojasalo, K. (2015, June). Service logic business model canvas: implications for service business. InProceedings of the QUIS14 Quality in Service Conference(pp. 18-21). Plenter, F., Fielt, E., Hoffen, M., Chasin, F., Rosemann, M. (2017). Repainting the business model canvas for peer-to-peer sharing and collaborative consumption. Romero, M. C., Villalobos, J., Sanchez, M. (2015, September). Simulating the business model canvas using system dynamics. InComputing Colombian Conference (10CCC), 2015 10th(pp. 527-534). IEEE. Vargas, I. S., Calva, A. L. G., Camacho, J. H. (2015). Business model canvas.Ciencia Huasteca Boletn Cientfico de la Escuela Superior de Huejutla,3(5).

Unforgettable Trials free essay sample

After the thirty-minute boat ride, the nine other Americans and I arrived in the small, but beautiful fishing village of Balawing. We were still in the first week of our two-week church summer mission trip to the Philippines, and were enjoying ourselves in a completely exhausted kind of way. Right when we stepped out of the boat, many of the poor resident families greeted us in the Philippine national language, Tagalog, which only four of our group could barely speak. We had gone to the island to pass out donated clothing, toys, and medicine, as well as to make a concrete floor for their small church. Just looking around, I knew it would be tough to stay and help there – the communication problem was pretty evident, and nowhere in sight were beds for us to sleep in, public restrooms or showers to use, or even concrete mix to make the floor with. We will write a custom essay sample on Unforgettable Trials or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Luckily, we brought small tents with us, and there were a few translators there for us. The villagers helped us carry our stuff to the place where we would set up our tents, smiling the whole time as they helped us. As we set up our tents, many of the children sat around us, shyly watching. For most of them, this was the first time they had seen people who didn’t speak their language – we were like celebrities to them. When we finished setting up the tents and putting our stuff in them, the guys in our group went right to work figuring out how we would make the concrete. The other girls and I decided we’d play with the kids, but we weren’t quite sure how to start. We decided to play tag with them, so one girl in our group ran up and tagged one of them. They instantly caught on and we had a great game of tag, even though we couldn’t even communicate with each other. We played until dinner was served, which consisted of fish (eyeballs, scales, and al l), huge shrimp, and rice, with coconut milk to drink. I barely touched my food, except for the rice, as I’m not much of an experimental eater, and then went to my tent, as I was extremely exhausted. That night it poured harder than I have ever experienced rain in my life! I could hear thunder all around us and the rain pounded on our shelter. The water leaked through the corners of our tents, soaking our clothes and sleeping bags. I eventually fell asleep, but in what felt like only a few minutes later I woke up to some kids laughing outside my tent. We only stayed in the village of Balawing for three days, but it felt like at least three weeks. The whole thing was one of the biggest challenges that I have ever experienced in my life. I practically starved from eating barely anything, surviving on coconut milk and fried bananas. I slept in a tent outside during a real typhoon. My only showers were from ice-cold buckets. I mixed piles of mud and rocks together with a shovel to make concrete. Each night I only got a few hours of sleep. But the experience was truly amazing. I helped make animal balloons for kids in order to teach them about God’s creation. I personally taught about fifty kids to play Duck Duck Goose without even speaking their language. Some kids taught me a Tagalog little kids’ game and song that I still remember now. I was able to share my faith with some teenagers through a translator. I pumped water from an underground well. I fell in love with some amazing kids that showed me their unique, wonder ful personalities without even speaking my language. I actually climbed up a coconut tree! The whole weekend was an amazing experience, and although it was only a few days, it was my favorite part of the whole two-week trip to the Philippines. I went through so many trials, but at the same time I had so much fun. I grew to really love the kids I met and I will never, ever forget the experience.

Unforgettable Trials free essay sample

After the thirty-minute boat ride, the nine other Americans and I arrived in the small, but beautiful fishing village of Balawing. We were still in the first week of our two-week church summer mission trip to the Philippines, and were enjoying ourselves in a completely exhausted kind of way. Right when we stepped out of the boat, many of the poor resident families greeted us in the Philippine national language, Tagalog, which only four of our group could barely speak. We had gone to the island to pass out donated clothing, toys, and medicine, as well as to make a concrete floor for their small church. Just looking around, I knew it would be tough to stay and help there – the communication problem was pretty evident, and nowhere in sight were beds for us to sleep in, public restrooms or showers to use, or even concrete mix to make the floor with. We will write a custom essay sample on Unforgettable Trials or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Luckily, we brought small tents with us, and there were a few translators there for us. The villagers helped us carry our stuff to the place where we would set up our tents, smiling the whole time as they helped us. As we set up our tents, many of the children sat around us, shyly watching. For most of them, this was the first time they had seen people who didn’t speak their language – we were like celebrities to them. When we finished setting up the tents and putting our stuff in them, the guys in our group went right to work figuring out how we would make the concrete. The other girls and I decided we’d play with the kids, but we weren’t quite sure how to start. We decided to play tag with them, so one girl in our group ran up and tagged one of them. They instantly caught on and we had a great game of tag, even though we couldn’t even communicate with each other. We played until dinner was served, which consisted of fish (eyeballs, scales, and al l), huge shrimp, and rice, with coconut milk to drink. I barely touched my food, except for the rice, as I’m not much of an experimental eater, and then went to my tent, as I was extremely exhausted. That night it poured harder than I have ever experienced rain in my life! I could hear thunder all around us and the rain pounded on our shelter. The water leaked through the corners of our tents, soaking our clothes and sleeping bags. I eventually fell asleep, but in what felt like only a few minutes later I woke up to some kids laughing outside my tent. We only stayed in the village of Balawing for three days, but it felt like at least three weeks. The whole thing was one of the biggest challenges that I have ever experienced in my life. I practically starved from eating barely anything, surviving on coconut milk and fried bananas. I slept in a tent outside during a real typhoon. My only showers were from ice-cold buckets. I mixed piles of mud and rocks together with a shovel to make concrete. Each night I only got a few hours of sleep. But the experience was truly amazing. I helped make animal balloons for kids in order to teach them about God’s creation. I personally taught about fifty kids to play Duck Duck Goose without even speaking their language. Some kids taught me a Tagalog little kids’ game and song that I still remember now. I was able to share my faith with some teenagers through a translator. I pumped water from an underground well. I fell in love with some amazing kids that showed me their unique, wonder ful personalities without even speaking my language. I actually climbed up a coconut tree! The whole weekend was an amazing experience, and although it was only a few days, it was my favorite part of the whole two-week trip to the Philippines. I went through so many trials, but at the same time I had so much fun. I grew to really love the kids I met and I will never, ever forget the experience.

Hardware and Software requirements Essays

Hardware and Software requirements Essays Hardware and Software requirements Essay Hardware and Software requirements Essay All ICT systems require Hardware and software in order to function. For the ICT system I am going to produce for a sole trader, the following requirements are essential for this Hardware * A CD-RW or DVD-RW is needed to save/backup large amounts of data in the event of corruption. It works by using microscopic bumps to store data. The surface of the CD disc is a mirror, and the bumps disrupt the mirrors perfect surface. The laser that reads the CD or DVD can detect the difference between a perfect mirror and an imperfection caused by. By identifying the bumps as a 1, and no bump as a 0, it is easy to store digital information on a CD or DVD. The bumps on a CD are molded into the plastic when it is produced, so they are permanent Files can be accessed on other computers and copied. Alternatives to this device are portable Flash drives, zip disc the old method of tapes and Floppy discs. : * FDD to save/back up small files and to add small programs or updates to programs. * A fast CD-rom can be used to add further programs and utilities to enable better user accessibility. It can also be used to update existing software. * At least 40GB of hard drive to support programs and to save files. * A barcode scanner to scan UPC barcodes to identify the price of the product, a handheld barcode scanner for larger items. * An inkjet or laser printer to print invoices, statements, reports, price tags and bar code labels. * An automatic cash drawer to store cash, cheques, vouchers, receipts, and credit receipts. * A portable stock counter would be useful to make stock intake more successful and efficient. * A POS receipt printer to give the customer a record of what has been purchased and if needed return the product if there has been a defect. * A CCTV close circuit tv system is very important because it ensures in the event of burglary or an assault on an employee. * Electronic Weighing scales for loose items such as tomatoes Software * A program that can produce spreadsheets is essential to us. It also need to be very easy to produce a spread sheet and automatically calculate equations * A Word processing program needs to be used to produces business documents such as: Fax sheets and letterheads. An advantage of using such a program is that documents can be spell checked * A database management system can be used to store large amounts of data such as details of products, stock intake, amount of profit using a program like this is useful because the information can be easily retrieved, modified or more data added. * A powerful compuer operating system is essential because most programs need a lot of memory space. It also needs to be user friendly, so when a new employee joins it is easy to adapt to. Objectives of the new system The main objective of this new system is to improve the service to customers and to increase the sole trader productivity and profits Benefits towards the customers * The old system relied on the employee to enter numerical data manually. The new system processes data automatically this is more accurate and efficient. * Customers dont have to carry cash by using a debit or credit card and then have the advantage to withdraw cash up to à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 at the checkout. * More promotions can be offered because the new system should introduce more customers there fore more profit. * An itemized receipt is produced that includes detailed information of the items that have been bought and can see if any mistakes have been made. * Loose produce can be automatically priced at the checkout. * The goods are fresher because stock levels held by supermarkets can be lower. * Chilled and frozen foods are kept at the correct temperature so risks of contamination and health hazards are kept at a minimum. Benefits toward the sole trader * Stock control is more efficient, so there is less chance of goods being out of stock. * The checkout is more efficient because the employees have less chance of making errors. * Sale forecasts and profiles can be made, which lead to more efficient use of shelf space. * Little warehouse space is needed in each supermarket because of the efficiency in the distribution system. UPC barcodes UPC bar codes were originally created to help supermarkets speed up the process at the checkout and keep better track of stock control .The system quickly spread to all other retail products because it was so successful. It is now used worldwide on products that require a barcode. The UPC stands for Universal Product Code. This code is unique to each product. All UPC bar codes contain 12 digits with the first 6 containing the manufacturers identification number. This is used on the full range of barcodes from a certain manufacturer so they can be easily identified. It is essential to use this system when a store is exporting products to foreign countries. The next five digits are the item number that identifies the product. The last digit is the check digit; this is very important because it enables the barcode scanner to determine if the barcode has been scanned correctly or not. It works the process out with a series of calculations. If the check digit the barcode scanner calculates is different from the check digit, the scanner knows that there has been an error and the item needs to be assessed and rescanned. This barcode is from a product produced by BYG publishing, which is a book company Communication Infrastructure Many companies used to use the Fax machine to send alphanumeric data to each other. This technology was particularly useful because it could also be used to transfer drawings. A fax machine works by scanning the data with a beam of light; the light is then converted into an electronic signal that is passed along the telephone line to the recipients machine, which is then printed out. The cost was not too high for fax apart from the cost of ink cartridges that needed to be replaced and the cost of paper, which need to be fed through the fax machine, which is the same for printers. Many sole traders were able to use this technology because of the cost and efficiency to send mail. With the growing success of the Internet, the technology of fax was generally ignored and replaced with high-speed Electronic mail. With E-mail data and messages can be sent electronically via a telephone network or a data network and via a central computer. E-mail has many more advantages of speed and economy, with e-mail the information can be stored on disk for future reference. E-mail is now widely used by most companies instead of fax. I believe the sole trader should use this technology so they can communicate efficiently with companies that also use e-mail. This technology is also cost efficient because there is no need to use paper, pens etc. with e-mail large amounts of data can be transferred in real time. Electronic data interchange is a method used by different companies computers to automatically exchange data through a telephone or private line. The sole trader can use this to obtain information from, other shops owned by the trader or other sole traders. Information exchanged can be stock levels, quantity level needed to be reordered. The sole trader will not need to use this system, as the order levels will be calculated by the computer and a report will be generated which can then be faxed or emailed to the supplier. Future technology in supermarkets RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification, which is a new type of technology. It comprises of three components: An antenna or coil, a transceiver (with decoder) and A transponder (RF tag) electronically programmed with unique information. The tags are cheap and they contain a unique Electronic Product Code. This is stored in the tags microchip. If a drinks manufacturer decided to use this technology in their system here is how it would work: * The manufacturer inserts a RFID tag to each can of drink that is produced. These tags then provide the cans to be identified, counted and tracked automatically, this is very cost effective, the cans are then packaged into cases that also contain RFID tags and loaded onto tagged palettes. * As the palettes of Cans leave the manufacturer, an RFID reader positioned above the loading dock hits the smart tags using radio waves. The tags wake up and start broadcasting their individual Electronic product code. However only one tag can be read at the time so it will have to switch them on and off. * The reader is wired into a computer system running a stock control program. It sends the program the EPCs it has collected, and the program goes to work. The system sends a query over the Internet to an Object Name Service (ONS) database, which acts like a reverse telephone directory it receives a number and produces an address. * The ONS server matches the EPC number to the address of a database, which has large amounts of information about the product. This data is available to other stock systems around the world. * This second server uses Physical Markup Language to store data about the manufacturers products. It recognizes the incoming EPCs as belonging to cans of the drinks manufacturer. * Because the systems knows the location of the reader, which sent the query, the system now also knows which plant produced the cola. If an incident involving the products arose, this information would make it easy to track the source of the problem and recall the products. * Thanks to the RFID when the palettes arrive at the unloading area there is no need to check the contents of the packages. The stock control program describes the cargo and is quickly taken to the appropriate truck. * Meanwhile the supermarket has been tracking the shipment thanks to its own connection to the stock control system. When the delivery arrives it passes trough their own loading dock readers. * As soon as the products arrive, the supermarket retail systems are automatically updated to include every product that has arrived. Thanks to this the supermarket can locate its entire product range from that manufacturer inventory this is all done accurately and automatically. * Inside the supermarket the shelves will contain their own independent readers, when the products are stocked, the shelves will understand whats being put in them. Now, when a customer grabs for example 6 cans of drink, the shelf will send a message to the supermarkets automated re-fill systems which will order more cans of drink from the manufacturer. * Auto-ID makes the customers shopping trip easier, too. Rather than queue for a cashier, the customer can simply walk out the door with their purchases. A reader built into the door recognizes the items in her trolley by their individual EPCs; the customer can then swipe a debit or credit card and then exit.

The Effect Of Contingent Music To Premature Infants Essay

The Effect Of Contingent Music To Premature Infants - Essay Example Those with health complications are subjected to painful and stressful medical procedures necessary for survival. Both the complications and the interventions are highly correlated with increased impairment in neurological development (Creasey, Jarvis, Myers, Markowitz, & Kerkering, 1993; Karmel, Gardner, & Magnano, 1991). The long-term neurological implications of premature birth are problematic, but fortunately the brain continues to develop throughout life and some damaged neurological networks can be overcome by nurturing and carefully structured learning opportunities (Benes, 1994). To this point, research with premature infants in the newborn intensive care unit (NICU) has primarily focused on medical procedures for survival and on nurturing techniques such as reducing environmental stimuli, non-nutritive sucking, and touch (Dieter & Emory, 1997). During medical treatment, the infant is often physically restrained by equipment. Additionally, treatments and nourishment are often scheduled with regard to health priorities, rather than with regard to the infant's desire for food or attention. The detrimental implications of lack of opportunity to experience normal post-birth cause/effect relationships at this stage of development have recently been lamented (Dieter & Emory, 1997). The infant's sucking ability is a critical behavior for both survival and neurological development. Sucking is the first rhythmic behavior in which the infant engages, and it is theorized to contribute to neurological development by facilitating internally regulated rhythms (Goff, 1985). Time spent in non-nutritive sucking has been observed in third trimester fetuses. Unfortunately, medical and environmental constraints often inhibit non-nutritive sucking... To this point, research with premature infants in the newborn intensive care unit has primarily focused on medical procedures for survival and on nurturing techniques such as reducing environmental stimuli, nonnutritive sucking, and touch. During medical treatment, the infant is often physically restrained by equipment. Additionally, treatments and nourishment are often scheduled with regard to health priorities, rather than with regard to the infant's desire for food or attention. The detrimental implications of the lack of opportunity to experience normal post-birth cause/effect relationships at this stage of development have recently been lamented. The infant's sucking ability is a critical behavior for both survival and neurological development. Sucking is the first rhythmic behavior in which the infant engages, and it is theorized to contribute to neurological development by facilitating internally regulated rhythms. Time spent in non-nutritive sucking has been observed in third -trimester fetuses. Unfortunately, medical and environmental constraints often inhibit non-nutritive sucking opportunities, as very premature infants are undergoing the third trimester of what would have been "fatal" development in the NICU. When non-nutritive sucking opportunities are encouraged in the NICU, development of the premature infant is enhanced. The coordinated suck-swallow-breathe response, which develops in the 34th week of gestation, is a precursor to nutritive sucking ability and nipple feeding.

The Source Debate and the Similarities of Albovine and The Witch Thesis Proposal

The Source Debate and the Similarities of Albovine and The Witch - Thesis Proposal Example The Source Debate and the Similarities of Albovine and The Witch Controversy surrounds where a similar instance can be found in the beginning act of The Witch by Thomas Middleton: at a remarkable feast arranged for the marriage of Isabella and Antonio, the Duke passes around a skull fashioned as a goblet among the party attendees and makes them drink from it. As it happens, the skull belonged to the slain father of the Duchess, who is also present at the dinner and is expected to drink from it. This basic similarity between the two plays is the premise of my suggested thesis. In an article studying the true source of Albovine, Killis Campbell asserts that The Witch was not published until 1778 by the famous Shakespearean editor Isaac Reed; however, it is purported to have been written in the early 17th century by Middleton, in around 1615-1616. Albovine was registered in 1629 (Campbell) leading to clear possibility that Davenant had been aware of The Witch before Albovine was conceived. Further proof of his knowledge can be taken from the fact that he used the Witch in his rendition of Macbeth. Niccolo Machiavelli’s The History of Florence is also credited by some historians as being the source of these plays, including another Irish play called The Revengeful Queen by William Phillips; however, Phillips’ work seems to be based more on Machiavelli and both Albovine and The Revengeful Queen bear resemblance to the Witch, making Davenant’s work open to the charge of plagiarism.

Micro-Finance in Bangladesh Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Micro-Finance in Bangladesh - Essay Example Project governance consists of a number of activities such as those related to corporate decision making and organizational structures. Â  Bangladesh is classified as a Least Developed Country by the United Nations Organization. With a population of roughly 125 million, i.e. more than twice the population of Britain, it’s lacking in almost every conceivable resource for human consumption. The Grameen Bank has initiated a housing loan scheme among others for the poorer segments of Bangladeshis so that they would borrow even if they are unable to show collateral. Those pavement dwellers and squatters on government properties have partially benefited from this scheme. They are the first group of external stakeholders, while those contractors are also considered as external stakeholders of the project. However, employees and managers on sites are regarded as internal stakeholders (Cadle and Yeates, 2007). The government of Bangladesh and the international community such as INGOs, the World Bank, the UNICEF and the IMF are also involved in these projects as providers of auxiliary services such as safe drinking wat er, schools, hospitals and so on. The following stakeholder map illustrates how various stakeholders of a similar project would be brought under a single map for the analysis of links within and without the project. While the physical dimension of the project might be limited to its primary housing project, its real impact would be felt far beyond the far corners of the country itself. Â  While this sheet does not provide a detailed management structure for every stakeholder group involved in the project, it adequately illustrates how each relevant stakeholder group is managed through the project governance process (Carroll, 2006). Stakeholders might have different levels of interest in a project depending on the level of impact on them.

The role of the family in mental health recovery

The role of the family in mental health recovery CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Family is a small social system made up of individuals related to each other by reason of strong reciprocal affections and loyalties, and compromising a permanent household that persists over years and decades.It is the most significant primary unit of human society. It is the earliest institution of humankind that is mainly depends upon man’s biological and psychological needs. Without family, no other social institution like religion or government can exist. The sustainability of family is vital to the development and progress of the society. The term family has been derived from the Latin word ‘familia’ which means a house hold establishment.It indicates to a number of individuals staying and living together during important phase of their life time and they are bound to each other by biological, social and psychological relationship. It may be the joint family or an individual family in the modern society. Famous sociologist M.F Nimkoff defines family ‘as a joint effort of husband and wife either with child or without child’. The existence of family is very significant. Family plays a major role in the society. Family generates human capital resources and also it has the power to influence single individual, each household and the behaviour of the community (Sriram, 1993).Hence family is being studied as the most basic unit in the different branches of social science. Human developments, Psychology, anthropology, economics, social psychiatry, social work are examples. Family is a major resource for the various needs of human beings. It is the family plays a major role in the nourishment of children and meeting their most basic needs such as emotional bonding, health, development and protection.There is enormous potential lies within the family and it proves it during the trouble times by providing stability and support.The growth of an individual and the society mostly dep ends upon this basic unit of the society. (Desai, 1995a). Culture to culture and society to society, families and family dynamics varies and they cannot be interpreted without the context of cultural factors. Culture determines the roles of family members and it explains families’ ways of defining problem and solving them. The family in India is known as an ideal homogenous unit with strong coping mechanisms. In a large culturally diverse country like India have plurality of forms in the families that varies with class, ethnicity and individual choices. Collectivism is an important dimension of Indian culture that affects the family functioning. In other words, the basic aspects of human life such as economic, philosophic are given the outlook of interdependence amongst persons. Family cohesion, cooperation, solidarity, and conformity are the major values of collectivistic society like India. Indian joint families are considered Strength, stability, closeness, resilience, and endurance are encouraged in the Indian joint families where family loyalty, family integrity is given priority than individual choices. These unique dimensions of Indian families help the families to overcome difficult situations that they face over the course of time. When an individual in the family is struck with a disease or a ny other troubles, the entire community helps that individual to face that situation. What is Family support? Family support can be defined as the benefits a person receives from the family and friends such as physical emotional and material benefits. Positive social support helps one to improve in the ability to make healthier choices in life. Family or social support would also means being able to access people that a person can rely upon if needed. In an individual’s life, family support is essential at all times. Good support from the family enhances the individual to excel in his or her field of interest. On the contrary, poor support results in poor performance. A person hailing from a lower socio economic strata s considered to be Mental Health and family support Health is the most important aspect of human life. According to WHO Health is a state of absolute physical, mental and social well-being and not only the absence of disease(World health Organisation,2001) Mental health is another area where family support is an inevitable factor. In a situation where resources for mental health are scarcely available families form a valuable support system. Mental health is defined as state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and is able to contribute to her or his community ( World Health Organisation, WHO includes social support as one of the key determinants of health. Mental illness is medical condition that affects an individual’s thinking, emotions, ability to relate with others and daily functioning. Just as any other physical conditions, mental illness are medical conditions which results in poor capacity for coping w ith the demands of life. Mental illness is considered the most pathetic condition of a human life. Indian traditions considered a mentally ill person as an outcast since he or she was labelled as cursed by gods. The presence of mentally ill in a family brings huge implications. There will be only a handful in the family who will be willing to take care of the patient namely the mother or wife. When one person is ill in the family, the entire course of the family gets changed. Because society would label the family as cursed and this would bring a wide range of problems especially if the family hails from a lower social and economic strata. On the contrary, Indian families are the key resources for the mentally ill. There are mainly two reasons for this position. First, it is mainly because of the traditional practice of collectivism and concern for the relatives in adversities. As a result, most Indian families do not hesitate to be significantly involved in all aspects of care for their relatives. The tradition of involvement of family in the care of mentally ill has always existed. Secondly, since there is a long gap between the need and thus the clinicians mostly depend on the family. Thus having adequate family support becomes the need of the patient, clinician and health administrators. INVOLVEMENT OF FAMILY IN THE MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES IN INDIA In the pre independence era, mental health care services in India were not organised. Usually persons with mental illness were taken care by family members or religious institutions. In other cases they roamed free.’ Mental asylums’ were introduced by Britishers where unwanted dangerous mentally ill were kept behind shut doors. Though it was initially for their soldiers, later Indian population also received the services. T was in Bombay in 1745 the first mental asylum was established. The second in Calcutta in 1781, the third in Madras in 1794 and the fourth in Monghyr, Bihar in 1795. Globally there were changes taking place in the mental health scenario, which involved ‘moral treatment’ and comprehensive community mental health approach. However, not all these changes in Europe and America made any impact on the Indian scene. Approach of the Government until 1946 was to establish custodial and no therapeutic centres. In 1957, there was a shift in the mental health field when Dr.VidyaSagar the then superintendent of Amritsar Mental Hospital, took initiative to involve the close relatives of the mentally ill in the treatment. The family stayed in the hospital campus along with the patients in open tents. This in fact aided the speedy recovery of the patients in comparison with those patients who did not stay with the families. Christian Medical College,Vellore established family wards in the psychiatric setting which followed many advantages such as accelerated rate of recovery, low relapse rates. Many family members started helping the community by identifying the psychiatric patients and providing the guidance. The close relatives of the patients were asked to stay with the patients in the open wards .at NIMHANS.Using family as a major resource in the process of recovery of mentally ill has the advantage of relieving the professionals.Community care has been a paradigm shift for psychiatric treatment worldwide. Recovery in mental health Recovery in mental health cannot be easily defined. This significant aspect depends upon many factors. A process of change through which individuals improve their health and wellness, live a self-directed life, and strive to reach their full potential (Samhsa, August 2011). Recovery from mental illness is a long term process. It involves the experience of healing and transformation and by which the person learns to live a purpose oriented life in the society. He or she would learn to make use of his or her potential in the very journey of healing. Bipolar disorder is a recurrent and long-term mental illness that can seriously affect the lives of patients and their families. Bipolar disorder is a common psychiatric disorder that includes periods of extremely elevated mood and periods of depression and periods of full or partial recovery. The cycles of high and low mood states and well periods may follow an irregular pattern. The treatment of Bipolar disorder cannot be limited to pharmacotherapy alone. Psychotherapy, psycho education, peer group support also play major role in the process of recovery. Bipolar affective disorder Bipolar disorder is a chronic, severe illness that can impose significant impairment on multiple aspects of a patient’s life including interpersonal relationships, occupational functioning and financial stability (APA, 2002). Globally it has been ranked the ninth highest cause of years of life lost due to death or disability and the 12th most prevalent cause of disability among individuals aged between 15 and 44 years (World Health Organization, 2004).The distress and impairment caused by bipolar disorder is a wide spread and important issue. Globally the lifetime prevalence of all forms of the illness, often referred to as bipolar spectrum disorders, has been estimated to be 5% in the general population. Ganguli (2000) reported that the national rate of affective disorder in India as 34 per 1000 population. This disorder significantly affects the functional capacity of the person. Apart from regular medication, support from the near and dear makes a large difference in the recovery process. The practice guideline of The American Psychiatric Association (APA) for Bipolar Disorder treatment suggests the use of certain psychotherapies which includes family therapy as well(American Psychiatric Association,2002) So there are high chances that by the sincere involvement in the care of these patients they may improve in their psychosocial functioning and also to cope with their own struggles due to the illness. Conclusion Unlike the institutionalized care, in the community based care for the persons with mental illness, the role of family is very important. The bio medical, socio economic, psycho- spiritual and every integral dimension of the society is necessary in the recovery process. Family being the smallest unit of the society therefore is of much importance in rebuilding the life of the persons with mentally ill. Family is pivotal to catering to the persons with mental illness as they function as the primary care givers. In short, The involvement of family is the need of the hour.

Jack Londons To Build A Fire: Theme Essay -- essays research papers

Jack London's To Build a Fire: Theme The significance of the words "dying and death" in Jack London's 1910 novel, "To Build a Fire" continuously expresses the man's dwindling warmth and bad luck in his journey along the Yukon trail to meet "the boys" at camp. London associates dying with the man's diminishing ability to stay warm in the frigid Alaskan climate. The main characters predicament slowly worsens one level at a time finally resulting in death. The narrator informs the reader that "the man" lacks personal experience traveling in the Yukon terrain. The old-timer warned the man about the harsh realities of the Klondike. The confident main character thinks of the old-timer at Sulphur Creek as "womanish." Along the trail, "the man" falls into a hidden spring and attempts to build a fire to dry his socks and warm himself. With his wet feet quickly growing numb, he realizes he has only one chance to successfully build a fire or face the harsh realities of the Yukon at one-hundred nine degrees below freezing. Falling snow from a tree blots out the fire and the character realizes "he had just heard his own sentence of death." Jack London introduces death to the reader in this scene. The man realizes "a second fire must be built without fail." The man's mind begins to run wild with thoughts of insecurity and death when the second fire fails. He recollects the story of a man who kills a steer to...

Analysis OR Selecting a Windows 7 Edition Essay

The Current Corporation has 8 Workstations that are running 1GB of memory, rocking an awesome 1.8 gigahertz Cpu’s. The 3 computers located in the Warehouse are running sluggish when pulling from the Access Server located in the Main office across town. The company needs software upgrade and possible a hardware upgrade to make this run efficiently. The Last 5 Workstation are located by the server and mostly run Windows Office applications. First thing we have to determine is if the corporation would like to upgrade their hardware. Which in this case sounds like a better option; but if they are not willing to upgrade hardware then we will select the Windows System that isn’t going to break them but still able to do what they are intending it to do with minimal cost. In retrospect the Hardware Meets the minim requirement to run all 5 Windows 7 versions; I would go for Windows Enterprise because it has the Additional features include support for Multilingual User Interface (MUI) packages, BitLocker Drive Encryption, and UNIX application support. Not available through retail or OEM channels, this edition is distributed through Microsoft Software Assurance (SA). As a result it includes several SA-only benefits, including a license allowing the operating of diskless nodes (diskless PCs) and activation via VLK. Please with Enterprise you can use it on multiple workstations under one Purchased license. So if the company ever wants to  add more workstation it would not require the purchase of another operating system. And I would even suggest that even if they did not want to upgrade the server hardware so that could help with the sluggish performance across town in there warehouse. When it comes to implementing the Plan I would do a clean wipe of the all the workstations, I would perform backs of all data they need to save; I find that this would the best because it is Windows Enterprise recommends a clean install. I would also do this to help limit the amount of possible data corruption that could accrue. But sense Windows 7 Enterprise calls for a clean install. I would do that.

Hector V. Achilles Essays

Hector V. Achilles Essays Hector V. Achilles Paper Hector V. Achilles Paper Hector v. Achilles In Homers Iliad many of the male characters display characteristics that define the heroic warrior code of ancient Greece. They try to obtain glory and power through victories in war; yet still have a distinct human side. Throughout many conflicts described in the Iliad their weaknesses and strengths appear evident. Two examples of this are Achilles and Hector. Both of these men try to uphold the warrior code but with distinctly different approaches in war, relationships and devotion to their country. Despite the differences and the opposing sides; they also have numerous similar traits which logically lead to a comparison between the two men. They both display behavior that could be described as heroic. The first way in which Achilles and Hector act differently is how they approach war. Achilles knows that he is destined to die in battle. Yet he still fights for his honor and glory. Achilles is known for his fierce and brutal antics in war. Many would come to think that he is not very heroic. He demonstrates the cold and brutal nature of war. When Agamemnon takes Brises, Achilles war prize, he refrains from fighting in battle. Achilles approach to war is primarily for the glory of his own name. His motives are purely aimed at the remembrance of his name, not the success of his country. All that he does in war is purely for personal gain. While his strength and courage in war is very heroic, his motives behind it are not so. One of Achilles only reason for fighting that could be honorable is when he fights for the death of Patrucles. His approach to war otherwise is purely for personal gain. Hector on the other hand has many reasons to fight in the battle. Hector is an honorable man who is loved by his country and family. He is an honorable warrior and his human morals are those considered of a hero. His approach to war is honor and glory for his country. He fights to keep his family and country safe. While some of Hectors actions seem un-heroic, he always seems to fight for the good of Troy. But although Hector may prove overly impulsive and insufficiently prudent, he does not come across as arrogant or overbearing. Moreover, the fact that Hector fights in his homeland, unlike any of the Achaean commanders, develop him as a tender, family-oriented man. Hector shows deep, sincere love for his wife and children. Hector loves his family; he never loses sight of his responsibility to Troy. Admittedly, he runs from Achilles at first and briefly entertains the hope of negotiating his way out of a duel. However, in the end he stands up to the mighty warrior, even when he realizes that the gods have abandoned him. His refusal to flee even in the face of vastly superior forces makes him the most heroic figures in the story. This is what makes a true hero stand out. His motives towards war are that of the hero. One of the characteristics of a hero is the relationships that they keep. Hector is the ideal hero in this since. He is a loving family man and a devoted leader. Hector shows deep love for his wife and children. He even treats his brother Paris with forgiveness and indulgence, despite the man’s lack of spirit and preference for lovemaking over military duty. Hector never turns violent with him, merely aiming frustrated words at his cowardly brother. Although Hector loves his family, he never loses sight of his responsibility to Troy. Achilles however does not develop over the course of the story. Although the death of Patroclus prompts him to seek reconciliation with Agamemnon, it does not alleviate his rage. Instead redirects it toward Hector. The event does not make Achilles a more heroic character. Bloodlust, wrath, and pride continue to consume him. He mercilessly kills his opponents, takes on the river Xanthus, desecrates the body of Hector, and sacrifices twelve Trojan men at the funeral of Patroclus. He does not show any compaction until the final book of the story, when King Priam came begging for the return of Hector’s desecrated corpse. This action seems to appeal to Achilles’ memory of his father, Peleus. Yet it remains unclear whether a father’s heartbroken pleas really have transformed Achilles, or whether this scene merely testifies to Achilles’ capacity for grief, which was already proven in his mourning of Patroclus. Another way that these two heroes differ is in their reasons for fighting. Hectors reasons for fighting are very clear and noble. He is the future leader and protector of Troy. All that he does in war and battle is to further the existence of Troy. The noble prince fights to uphold his country and family. Never are his actions aimed towards personal gain. In this aspect it makes Hector the ideal warrior. He upholds the heroic warrior code. Achilles on the other hand is a great warrior with many dishonorable reasons. While in battle Achilles worries only about his own honor and glory. Any time it comes for Achilles to fight it is either out of selfish reasons or anger. One of the few times that he fights honorably is when he fights for the honor of Patroclus. Even when he shows this moment of honor he then turns and desecrates the body of Hector. He had already won the fight yet instead of leaving with his victory he insists on proving his brutality. This is one of the actions that display Achilles true warrior nature. One of the most common standards of a hero is their devotion to their country. The perfect example of this is Hector. He knows his place in Troy and the role he must play. While still a prince of Troy he shows the most discipline and devotion when it comes to his role as protector of Troy. No matter what the outcome may look like, Hector knows he must face it for the good of his country. There is never any confusion as to where his true devotion lies. Most of Hectors actions are to further the existence of his country. While Hectors motives and devotion are clear it is not so with Achilles. As seen in many of Achilles fights, he is no patriot. Never does he ever show any true commitment of devotion to his country. Achilles thinks of himself as a God or a gift from the gods. He acts as though they should be worshiping and following him. He shows constant lack of respect for authority. When he refuses to fight of the slave girl, it almost resembles a child throwing a tantrum. In some cases he does show devotion to his warriors and his close friends and family. His brotherly love for Patriclus is an example of this. Thus both Hector and Achilles behave as heroes throughout the Iliad. While they both try to win glory in war for their families, their country, and themselves, they both have certain strengths and weaknesses in their character which dictate their very different courses of actions. They are both presented with conflicts and dilemmas throughout the story, the results of which must be made using both their human side and their heroic side. Both of these men try to uphold the warrior code but with distinctly different approaches in war, relationships and devotion to their country. All things that are considered of a true warrior

Is Technology Always for the B essays

Is Technology Always for the B essays Is Technology Always for the Better? Where would America be without the technological advancements of our age? Would we be a third world nation? Maybe not even a nation at all. Is there such a thing as too much advancement? Technology has integrated itself into our society. It affects how we work and play. It will shape our future as it has our past. The Internet shares information worldwide to the dismay of many. Computers have made many of our lives easier. In the process, they have cost jobs, security, and the ethics of our nation. To say that technology has changed the way we live would be an understatement. From the buildings that we work in, to the cars that we drive, or even the food that we eat, technology has become ever prevalent. Countries will lie, cheat and steal to stay ahead in this technological age because of the monetary benefits. As companies with new technologies climb the DOW Jones charts, society is benefiting from the economic windfalls. The economies of nations depend on their ever-changing technology. Computers and robotics have revolutionized industry. There has been a reduction of errors. An increase in production has been a benefit. Technology has also improved the safety of many workplaces. Many jobs that are physically or chemically hazardous can now be accomplished safely with a push of a button. Unfortunately, this has cost jobs. As growth in the industry should increase labor, it reduces the need for blue-collar workers. Education has become a premium that people cannot afford to do without. Impoverished families cannot afford education and their youth in urban neighborhoods have little chance to pursue higher education. As little as two generations ago, a family could be considered middle class based on the incomes of hard working parents. Now the gap between degree-laden people and the masses has created an abundance of cheap labor. This has left many families to struggl...

Managing A Law Firm Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Managing A Law Firm - Essay Example Strategically located: Most of the time, the structure, location, and appearance of the office makes a lasting impression on potential clients. The law firm should consider the appearance as not â€Å"too intimidating† to clients. It should have a cozy but professional atmosphere which would be inviting and stimulating to conduct business transactions. Appropriately promoted: Several marketing strategies to promote law firms are easily available depending on the budget and the objectives of the firm. The build a good image, the following marketing strategies could be of assistance: â€Å"a. Identification of the firm name and that the firm is a "full service" law firm. b. Publication of articles both in legal and trade magazines. c. Participation by attorneys in positions of authority and leadership in civic, social and religious organizations and bar associations. d. Develop firm stability, public concern, and a sense of paying "civic rent" by financially supporting, or offe ring pro bono services to, worthy community activities as a firm, where appropriate. e. Each member of the firm was sensitized to become increasingly aware of the use of the media. f. Institutionalizing the name of the firm by use of stationery that increases the emphasis on the name and changes the emphasis of listing individual attorney's names by seniority. In the age of technological developments, the internet is suggested as an innovative marketing tool to promote the image of the law firm to a wide range of potential clientele.

KONY 2012 (my point is how the Internet ably change global social Research Paper

KONY 2012 (my point is how the Internet ably change global social structure and support children in Uganda) - Research Paper Example It has enabled connection of billions of individuals across the world, and has had them accessing, creating, and transmitting mega and terabytes of data. Like a super highway, flow of data and information follows a route to a specific location specified by the binary numbers contained within the packets of data being transmitted. The cyberspace is characterized by vast information sites, forums, blogs, and online applications. This, in itself, makes these virtual worlds an enigma to many. Internet innovation has virtually made the world to do away with boundaries and become a digital village. The speed of information flow is also unbelievable. At a click of a mouse button, chunks of data are sent, received, and shared by billions of tech savvies. It then remains a wonder what internet revolution can be. Internet revolution comes with hype and excitement, and promises heaven for the tech savvies. At the same time, if not responsibly used, it brings hell closer to humanity. Huge number s of high level cybercrimes have been reported in the recent past. Highly regarded and sensitive information of governments has leaked; unauthorized sensitive information has been leaking to the public. The other question that arises is whether the right to privacy of individuals in organizations will stand a test of time in the advent of the internet revolution (Burstein and Kline 145). ... The challenge to humanity is how to best harness the positive impacts of internet technology, and at the same time keeping to minimum the possible negative effects to individuals and the society at large (Burstein and Kline 356). Personal and Family Empowerment The net is one of the most powerful empowerment tools to persons and families as it provides more than three-dimensional benefits that include a wider range of information baskets to select from. It helps then to meet their needs, wants, special interests, and entertainment demands.   Quick accessibility of information as a result of internet revolution has enabled individuals to take advantage of opportunities for the betterment of their lives. The Internet can possibly feed one’s imaginations and fasten people’s emotional commitment to great ideas (Firestone and Garmer 124). It has enabled families and individuals to join discussion groups about social issues. They can also publish their works and keep others informed about grassroots action groups and locally-based businesses (Firestone and Garmer 146). Things we wonder can, therefore, direct our ability to create something that brings the world closer, which is a desire of the humanity (Egan 166). To be more specific, the Internet separates the mind from ethnicity, class, gender, and other discriminatory characteristics used to marginalize people (Green 452). The internet renders physical disabilities irrelevant (Hackman and Kato 454). This is because people do not â€Å"present† themselves. Instead, they â€Å"represent† themselves on the computer. Green states that people are encouraged to evaluate the relevance of their concepts over any physical discrimination (7). The internet adds some extra power

Respond to the discussion about Aristotle (for online Essay

Respond to the discussion about Aristotle (for online class-introduction to Ethics) - Essay Example There is nothing we can call as â€Å"ultimate† goal. 2. I disagree with you when you visualize Aristotle’s opinion as belonging to a different time frame i.e. Greek. I think what he is talking about is one of the most fundamental realities of life that never change with time. However, I completely agree with you when you refer to the â€Å"proper function† as â€Å"a higher fulfillment of life†. There is no such think as â€Å"perfect† in this world. But we tend to achieve the maximum in the effort of achieving the perfection. Everything has a room for improvement, and therefore, â€Å"proper function† should always be visualized as something â€Å"higher†. 3. You have made a good attempt to interpret Aristotle’s meaning of â€Å"proper function†, though I have slight reservations in accepting particularly when you say that â€Å"everything that we as human beings aim at is good†. That is not always the case. What about the robbers and serial killers who aim at killing people for their personal benefits? When we generalize certain facts for all members of the society, we need to be watchful of all members who positively â€Å"and† negatively affect the society. 4.

Creation of American Tradition Essay Example for Free

Creation of American Tradition Essay Folklore was first utilized by William Thoms, an English antiquarian in 1846, which is defined as a body of expressive culture such as music, tales, dance, oral history, legends, customs, traditions, rituals, popular beliefs, jokes and many more within a specific population comprising the traditions of the culture, group or sub-culture (Georges, 1995). Traditions are standards or principle revered and followed by people from generation to generation which come from a Latin word traditio meaning to’ hand over’ or to ‘hand down’, and is utilized in many ways in the English Language such as customs or beliefs educated by one generation to the other which is often orally, a complex movement in religion composed of church bodies or religious denominations which have common customs, history, culture like in Islam’s Sufi tradition, and lastly, or a set of practices or customs like Christmas traditions ad the likes. Tradition is also defined as a custom, or a practice that is remembered and transferred down from one generation to the other generation and is initially without the necessity for a writing system. Traditions are mostly primeval, deeply essential, and unchangeable, but it may sometimes less normal than is expected, and some traditions were forcibly made for one or another which is often to enhance a certain institution’s importance, and it is also said to be or may also be changed to go with the necessity for the day, and can become accepted as an ancient tradition’s part. Some traditions disappear while some are altered or changed to suit to what is acceptable. Tradition could be conceptualized as repetition across space as well as time (Bronner, 2002). Appropriate to the emergence of a genuine, renewable folklore, the feature of space allowed for an oral tradition that had moved across the landscape, even in one generation, rather than having persisted through many (Bronner, 2002). Rituals are a set of actions which is often thought to have a symbolic value and the routine of which is commonly prescribed by traditions or by a religion of a community by political or religious laws. Rituals may be done on specific occasions, or on regular intervals, or at the judgment of communities or individuals which may be performed by a group, a single individual, or by the whole community in places specially allocated for it such as in private or in public, or before specific persons. Rituals purpose varies and they include satisfaction of emotional or spiritual need of the practitioner, compliance with religious ideals or obligations, strengthening of social bonds, stating one’s affiliation, demonstration of submission or respect, having approval or acceptance for some event, or for the pleasure on the ritual. Rituals are of many kinds and are always a feature of all human societies, including activities that are performed for solid purposes, or even saying hi or hello or hand-shaking. Systems of myth, rituals, feast, sacred customs, games, songs, tales, exist in such profusion that volumes would be required to contain the lore of each separate tribe (Bronner, 2002). As the verbal form used for naming these rituals suggest, which could be translated as the action of the heart, these rituals aim to acquire enhancement in the perception capacities attributed to this organ in order to confront life’s challenges. The most widely distributed rituals mark basic and irreversible turning points in life common to men everywhere. Without distinction of race or creed people everywhere are born, grow maturity, and eventually die. So universally we find birth and naming rituals, rituals marking the attainment of adulthood, weddings and funerals. Here, put at its simplest, we can see the rituals oils the wheels of life as the individual moves through the human life cycle from the cradle to grave (Lewis, 2003). References Bronner, S. J. (2002). FolkNation: Folklore In the Creation of American Tradition. New York: Rowman Littlefield. Georges, R. A. , Jones, M. O. (1995). Folkloristics: An Introduction. New York: Indiana University Press. Lewis, I. M. (2003). Social Cultural Anthropology in Perspective. New York: Transactions Publishers.

Advantages and disadvantages of implementing TQM

Advantages and disadvantages of implementing TQM The topic for the study is advantages and disadvantages of implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa. The sector taken for the study is petrochemical industries and the country chosen is UK. The papers scope of analysis extends to the current position of this industry and the challenges faced by it. The study has attempted to make an in depth discussion about the advantages of implementing quality concepts in petrochemical industry. The pros and cons entailing due to the implementation of TQM and ISO 9000 are also explained. Performance standard for each activity increases the overall performance of organizations in this sector. Therefore, it is essential for every organization to implement any of the quality concepts, so that it will enable it to manufacture and distribute quality products. Introduction: In this modern world, which fast changing, most of the organizations are coming up with new strategies to attract their customers. Nowadays, consumers have become totally aware of the quality of products and services delivered by the organizations. There was a wrong belief that the quality concerns only products but not service. But later the perspective has changed. managers perspectives on its possible effect on company performance are not positive product quality that will be improvised after the implementation (Costa 2004, p.1). The customers always demand good quality for the products and services for which they pay. Due to this, the use of quality concept has become an important criterion for both manufacturing and service industries across the world. Maintaining quality for the products and services is not an easy task for all organizations. Product and service quality is the central part of all the organization that leads to the accomplishment of the organizational goals and objectives. For sustaining quality within the organization, some quality concepts are required to be implemented. These concepts are implemented in the organization to boost the overall efficiency of the company in a qualitative manner. There are many quality concepts that can be implemented for this purpose. Among various quality concepts, the most important concepts are total quality management system and ISO 9000. Maintaining quality in the overall work progress has envisaged the petrochemical industries to emphasise more on quality of the products and services that they deliver. Quality management system is an important criteria that have to be given due consideration in the every operation of any business. The design and implementation of a quality management system will vary depending on the type, size and products of the organisation (ISO 9001:2000 quality management system n.d.). Quality management standards promote the adoption of a process approach when developing, implementing and improving the effectiveness of a quality management system, to enhance customer satisfaction by meeting customer requirements (Quality management systems requirements for service quality by public service organization 2005, p.2). To recapitulate, the industries taken for the current study is petrochemical industry in UK. Due to the slowdown in the global market economy in the year 2009, there was a huge decline in the demand for the products manufactured by the petrochemical industry. The petrochemical industry of today is an indispensable part of the manufacturing and consuming sectors, churning out products which include paint, plastic, rubber, detergents, dyes, fertilizers, textiles, and even solvents.  (Analyzing the global petrochemical industry, 2009, para.1). The top ten petrochemical industries in the world are as follows: BASF (Germany) Dow Chemical (USA) ExxonMobil Chemical (USA) LyondellBasell Industries (Netherlands) INEOS (UK) Saudi Basic Industries Corporation (Saudi Arabia) Formosa Plastics Corporation (Taiwan) Sumitomo Chemical (Japan) DuPont (USA) Chevron Phillips (USA). (Baxter, 2009, para.7). As far as petrochemical industry in UK is concerned, maintaining quality is an important aspect. To achieve this objective in all spheres of work processes in petrochemical industry, various quality concepts have been implemented in these organizations. Among these the concept which has created an overall progress for this sector is the concept of Total Quality Management (TQM) and ISO 9000. TQM is considered as a holistic and systematic approach that provides quality management for the petrochemical industry in United Kingdom. It is an integrated management philosophy which continuously focuses on improving the quality performance of the products, processes and services that are delivered by the organizations to meet the customers requirements and enhance customer satisfaction and there y retaining their loyalty towards the organization. TQM is a management philosophy that seeks to integrate all organizational functions (marketing, finance, design, engineering, and production, customer service, etc.) to focus on meeting customer needs and organizational objectives. (Hashmi, 2009, para.4). ISO 9000 is a group of standards which is mainly implemented in an organization to improve the overall efficiency and to effectively enable the maintenance of quality management system within the organization. In the earlier days, this was meant for only those organizations which were engaged in international trade. ISO 9000 can help a company satisfy its customers, meet regulatory requirements and achieve continual improvement. (ISO 9000 and other standards, n.d., para.4).   ISO 9000 series is composed of ISO 9000:2005, ISO 9001:2008, ISO 9004:2008 and ISO 9004:2009. There is a specific ISO standard for every industry. ISO/TS 20091 is a specific quality management system which includes the requirements related to design, production, development, installing and delivering the services related to the products that are manufactured by the petrochemical industry. Current scenario of global Petrochemical industries: As the name suggests petrochemicals are certain chemicals which are obtained from cracking of petroleum feedstock. These petrochemicals are mainly used in manufacturing fields. Petrochemical industry is considered to be one of the fast growing sectors in the world. It not only plays a crucial role in meeting the daily needs of the common man, but also contributes significantly towards industrial and economic growth of the nation (Introduction 2008). The petrochemical industry of today is an indispensable part of the manufacturing and consuming sectors (Analyzing the global petrochemical industry 2009). Quality is defined by international standards ISO 8402 as the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs (Mariojouls n.d., p.1). As far as petrochemical industries are concerned, quality plays a significant role in the overall functioning. Recession is precipitating a long-term decline in the British petrochemicals industry, with producers cutting and consolidating capacity in 2009, according to BMIs latest UK Petrochemicals Report (United Kingdom Petrochemicals report Q1 2010 2009). Petrochemical industry being fastest growing industry with an estimate nearly US$2.4 trillion, there is an absolute necessity within the business to ensure and sustain customer satisfaction. Despite of many challenges from environment protection standards and high rate in crude oil prices, it is still maintaining higher rate in overall manufacturing segment. As per industry reports the pharmaceutical segment contributes approximately 26% of the total industry output and approx. 35-40% is dominated by the petrochemical segment (Global Scenario 2008). Commodity chemicals is said to be one of the largest segment in this industry with approximate turnover of $750 billion while fine chemicals constitute $500 billion. The major markets are widely spread all over the globe which include Japan, Western sides of Europe, North America and also Asia and Latin American countries. However, United States consumes almost one-fifth of the chemical production while Europe consumes only half of the sa id volume. In petrochemical industry the process of petrochemical production consists of two stages. In the first stage naphtha, produced by refining crude oil or natural gas is used as a feedstock and is cracked. Cracking (breaking of long chain of hydrocarbon molecule) produces olefins and aromatics. In stage two, these building blocks are polymerized (made to undergo chemical processes) to produce downstream petrochemical products (polymers, polyesters, fibre intermediaries and other industrial chemicals (Petrochemicals 2009). The nature of the petrochemical industry is cyclical. In case of petrochemical supply industries, Middle East region is considered to be very rich in oil fields and reserves and it has been developing newer complexes for petrochemicals. The huge capacity of these countries fulfills their domestic demand. In case of demand side it is Asia, particularly China that more and more demands are coming. These two factors changed the supply-demand scenario of global petrochemic al industries over the last two decades. The US petrochemical industry has remained volatile between up and down trends in the last few years and also present situation is no different. The US petrochemical industry has traveled through different phases in their life cycle from their initial phase till the present. The US petrochemical industry faces many slumps in their production because of high feedstock prices. The rising of feedstock prices has put the giant petrochemical industry of US on back foot over other main rivalries. Because of this investment reduced in the US petrochemical industry. This caused considerable unsteadiness in the market. The result was that US petrochemical was in a stagnated position and the future of the petrochemical industry in United States seems back. In the case of Middle East, petrochemical industries are accessing to cheap and copious feedstock and more overly they are producing larger quantities from their petrochemical industry. Besides large scale investment continues in the sector which results in favourable condition for Middle East countries. Apart from this, China being the country whose intake is quite large, the market is encouraging. Thus, Middle East did not worry about the market condition at all. Apart from this, rules, regulations and protocols present in this country are very simple which poses no problem in doing steady business. By 2015, it is said that Middle East countries will surpass the European countries in terms of ethylene capacity. The region is estimated to account for about 20% of world ethylene capacity, against 17% share of Europe (US petrochemical industry takes a backseat in global supply- demand 2003). Middle East is targeting China as their potential market where there is a huge demand for oil always exists. Middle East is expecting the demand of around nine percentages every year in China while comparing with other countries. Importance of TQM and ISO in petrochemical industries:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TQM and ISO 9000 are two very important topics in connection to quality of a product. The idea of TQM is based on a transformation from the management process based on outcomes to a management process based on the improvement of quality. ISO 9000 is very important in determining the quality of a product. TQM is concerned with making sure that the company does the right thing and ISO 9000 deals with whether all the things are done right in the company. Researches had shown that TQM and ISO 9000 concepts are used in most of the petrochemical industries.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  TQM is important because it enhances the existing methods of business. It also improves the product and service quality which will be help in the existence of the product for a long time. TQM is now used not only in manufacturing activities but also it is used as a general management tool. Total quality management decides the level of quality of the things in the petrochemical industry. It determines the characteristics of a thing. The quality of the products in the industry will attract customers towards it. TQM is not only limited to product quality improvement but also widely cover aspects of quality in service sector too. TQM in India more than manufacturing, it is the service sector that took its time to recognize the importance of TQM (Managing quality in organization 2010). TQM is focused on improving the quality of products in the petrochemical industries. The companies can fully take actions to the customers hopes with the help of TQM.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ISO 9000 standard determines the quality of a product.  Standards like  ISO  9000 are important for the success of any organization. Petrochemical organizations have recognized the importance of ISO 9000 certification for the growth of their business. The standard is important because of the benefit of it in marketing and sales, due to its value etc. ISO 9000 is important in the first instance because it gives organizations some guidance on how to manage for quality. Secondly, mechanisms exist by which an organization can be certified for conforming to ISO 9000 specifications (Rada 1994). Its characteristics are different from the other standards of engineering. In other words ISO 9000 is unique. These standards can help in the progress of the business processes of a company. It also helps to add value to the business. The sales of the industry can be increased by attaining ISO 9000 standards. It meets the requirements of the customer which leads to cust omer satisfaction. ISO 9000 helps the petrochemical industry to react to the needs of the customers in agreement with the standards and costs. The rules of ISO 9000 offer a complete model for the management of quality. It can make the petrochemical industries competitive. The motivation of the staffs can be improved with the help of ISO standards. It can encourage trade at the global level. It is also a method to add profits to the industry. The productivity of the industry is increased with the help of ISO 9000. The petrochemical industries can use it as a standard that will help to evaluate the effectiveness of its quality. A petrochemical industry with ISO 9000 can sell its products at an improved rate. It can claim that their products have been the outcome of a procedure that frequently examine for quality. ISO 9000 standard helps the petrochemical industries to attain the quality standards that are accepted all over the world.   Since the standard is accepted internationally, for the industries doing international business consider it as a reasonable option. It will also be a good option for customers who want products of international quality.  By using ISO 9000, industries can recognize the cause of the difficulties and hence discover a solution for it. A reliable supply chain can be produced using ISO 9000. The importance of TQM and ISO 9000 has encouraged the petrochemical industries to apply them in their business. Problem faced by Petrochemical industry: Quality plays a significant role in the development and success of any organization or product. UK is recognized as a core of the creation of petrochemical and other associated products of petrochemical. There is high demand for this product all over the world; so quality assurance and quality management are very important in petrochemical industry in order to exist in the global economy. There are many petrochemical industries in this country and millions of people are working in these industries. Even though this sector is the major source of economic growth, the industry is facing some problems regarding quality management and quality assurance. The main challenges faced by the petrochemical industry are the need to manage the commercial environment better and as a minimum to stop worsening the industrys inherent cyclicality the need for further restructuring in order to improve underlying performance and the need to improve relationships with the outside world because crucially these relationships increasingly will determine the scope for success in our industry (Grote, 2001, para.5). During the production process they are not fully utilizing the resources and they are not aware about the recycling of the waste products. The rate of manufacturing the petrochemical products is very high; so the wastage of resources is causing great loss of profit for them. The petrochemical industry like BP did not implement the latest technology and methods to improve the activities in the production procedure and to improve the performance of the workers. Due to lack of the latest technologies, they could not increase the quantity and quality of products and also could not provide the customers requirements properly. So, in order to overcome such problems, they introduced quality management techniques like TQM and ISO 9000 standard. The financial crisis for the past few years has affected the running of the petrochemical industries. Increase in the price of the resources decreased the production of these industries. Moreover as they are aware of recycling the waste resources there is vast wastage of the resources. The petrochemical products are used for a number of purposes therefore the lack of quality decreases the sale of their products. This has totally caused to the financial status of the petrochemical industries. The resources for the production of the petrochemicals products are not available in sufficient manner. The chemical plants are been abolished due to environmental contamination like pollution, smoke stacks etc. usage of the traditional methods in the production process decreased the quantity and quality of their products. It is taking more time for the production process as they are following the traditional methods. According to the invention of the latest technologies these organisations did n ot implemented the latest technologies in their business activities. Therefore they fail to reach with the other petrochemical industries in other nation. Proper training is not given to the employees to improve the performance of the employees moreover they are aware in handling the latest tools and techniques. The decrease in quantity of the petrochemical products does not accomplish the need of all the customers so this is affecting the whole reputation of these industries. Deficient in attaining the customer satisfaction of their products they are not able to compete with the petrochemical industries in other countries. For the achievement of success of any business there need a good relationship with the other countries in order to increase the sale of their product. But in the case of petrochemical industries this country is not keeping a good relationship with the outside world therefore the sale of their products has decreased. Implementation of TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa: The petrochemical industries are those involved in the manufacturing of toxic chemicals and organic compounds which can affect the people when not maintained properly. Quality assessment and quality standard implementation should be done from the start up of production to the final despatch of the product for customer satisfaction and for the maintenance of quality system. The petrochemical industry should also comply with the requirements of occupational health and safety management systems which deal with the precautions on health and environmental factors. This is applicable to all chemical industries. Implementation model: (Implement- from quality to organisational excellence, n.d., p.1). The implementation of quality factors starts with the vision and mission of the company, the vision are the future view of the company; the mission are the goals in terms of quality products, customer satisfaction and the profit which they want to achieve. The statements should be clear and spontaneous. CSF/KPI: The critical factors for successful implementation are the building blocks for the success and those identified factors that affect in the implementation by analyzing of the past data and the modification to be done in implementing the new standards. They identify the key performance indicators like the employees, resources like plant and machinery, innovation etc. Encouraging new ideas and technology, discarding obsolete ones etc contribute to the success in the implementation; they monitor the performance and report the progress and the feedback for the organizations well being. Core process: The core business processes are the profit rearing segments of the business and they consist of suppliers, process and the customers. The quality implementations create a major impact on the core process and the competitive advantage when the implementation of the TQM is done in the business process. Defining of the business opportunity: Quality implementation is done mainly for increasing the reputation of the company. The company must be against the acceptance of any kind of compromise in the product quality which affects the company and its reputation in the market. To make the situation at an ease and conducting a review to identify the particular need and the specification of the customer and the company and the analyzing whether the required standard is met or not, this becomes the method for getting a better business opportunity. The ISO 9000: This is an important tool for the implementation of TQM. This is a general name given to the list of quality standards. The main aim of these quality standards is to provide the company with the standard products and to make the company a profit oriented and highly reputed. The brainstorming of the ideas is given a good place for the implementation. They help in several ideas generated by the people and the product analysis and the performing of the functions according to the effectiveness of the customer satisfaction and the major role in the quality assessment criteria and to enhance the company position, reputation and profitability. Decision making by the management and the implementation to be done by the different standards and the performance of them are monitored continuously, and the demerits in the performance are identified and continuous improvement is done by providing adequate training and development. ISO 9000 series is a quality management system that has to be maintained in an organization. This means what the organization does to fulfil: the customers quality requirements, and applicable regulatory requirements, while aiming to enhance customer satisfaction, and achieve continual improvement of its performance in pursuit of these objectives (ISO 9000 and ISO14000 2010). The idea of improvement in implementing TQM by the companies is to have the accreditation, proper dealing with the customer for the certification for the business and exports to be done to other countries and also to increase the position and profit of the company. Advantages of implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa: The ISO 9000 and TQM are two main subjects that are used to show the quality of an industry. Although fundamentally different TQM ensures organizations do the right thing, while ISO 9000 is about doing things right. (Exhibit: An introduction to ISO 9000 TQM, 1999, p.2). There are many advantages in implementing TQM as precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa in petrochemical industries. These two topics have got a good exposure and encouragement. The petrochemical industries find it very important to obtain them. This has grown popularity due to its advantages. The ISO 9000 is considered as a quality model. The implementation of TQM creates a competitive advantage. The implementation will also improve the participation and dedication of the employees in the petrochemical industry. The employees work as a team for the implementation activities and thus cooperation increases. The implementation of TQM and ISO 9000 helps provide quality to the customers. It helps in meeting the needs of the customers. Assessing the quality can be done by quality standards like ISO 9000. It determines whether the work is done in an efficient way or not. Total quality management can be implemented through ISO 9000. Implementing ISO 9000 as a precursor can be of advantage to the implementation of TQM, because it will help increase the profit and thereby keep their regular customers. ISO 9000 can be used as a tool to TQM in petrochemical industries. ISO 9000 will help the process of production when the quality management process is at the starting stage. ISO 9000 has nowadays become a need for the petrochemical industries because it helps to improve productivity. It helps in organizing the process of production. It also helps in improving the performance of the company. The advantages can be listed as follows; It improves the productivity of the organization from top to bottom. It is s systematic and well structured approach that can be used for enhancing customer satisfaction. It is an improvement method by which the deviations can be reduced. It helps in delivering the product and services t the required quality expected by the customer. It helps in reducing a higher level of wastages.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Implementation of ISO 9000 offers a strong foundation for the efficient implementation of TQM. The implementing of ISO 9000 as a precursor of TQM helps to create an understanding of the requirements of the customers. It enhances the involvement of the employees in the TQM process. It increases the relationship with the suppliers. The profit of petrochemical can be increased by the implementing ISO 9000.  Ã‚   Disadvantages of implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa: In petrochemical industries, ISO 9000 and TQM are the integral components of the successful running of every organization. When a petrochemical industry is considered there exist a lot of difficulties regarding the implementation of TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 and vice versa. Petrochemical industry plays a major role for the economic growth of a country. Nowadays petrochemical products are used for several purposes of our day to day life. While implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000, few problems arise in connection with customer satisfaction, because without the incorporation of TQM and ISO 9000 does not bring enough customer satisfaction. They consider that ISO 9000 certification is the main thing which shows the manufacturers ability to produce high quality products. Also implementation of TQM as a precursor to ISO causes difficulties for entering into international market because ISO 9000 certification is an integral component of petrochemical industry to enter an interna tional market. In order to get ISO 9000 systematic planning is necessary and it will help bring faith from the part of the customer and also to produce good quality products. ISO 9000 certification is the major thing which is used to compete with the international markets. Also, implementing TQM as a precursor to ISO 9000 will cause difficulties to maintain quality improvement. So, it is better to follow ISO 9000 standards before TQM in every organization. But, there exist few disadvantages also for this type of implementation. In order to achieve maximum profit from a business, the major thing is to fulfil the needs of the customer and TQM approach gives more consideration to customer satisfaction. So, by implementing ISO 9000 first will cause few problems regarding customer satisfaction. Even there is quality in the products for the satisfaction of the customer ISO 9000 and TQM certification is essential. It is better to implement ISO 9000 before TQM because in the newest version of ISO 9000 it includes several features of TQM. Therefore the implementation of TQM before ISO 900 is really wastage of time and money. There are some problems regarding the implementation of the TQM as the precursor to ISO 9000 and some of that problems are Initially higher cost of production as more is recognized as rejects. Cost of training personnel, cost of implementing stages of feedback for employees (Voters 2010). The implementation of this TQM standard requires more cost because there need to bring total changes in the organization such as for the training of the employees, implementation of the latest technologies etc. it is difficult to alter the practice of the longtime workers to the TQM procedures and ISO 9000 procedures. while the organization are running smoothly with their existing functional procedures as the customers demands for the ISO 9000 and TQM standard certification the company owners are forced to change to these standard procedures. Even though an organization maintains quality in their products and excellent workers the customer does not agree the quality without the certification of these standards. The petrochemical products are used for several purposes so the certification of ISO 9000 and TQM for every product seems to be very difficult because sometimes the assurance of the quality of a product requires much more money than the money required for the manufacturing of that product. There are also some difficulties in implementation the ISO 9000 as the precursor. To finish the procedures of ISO 9000 registration it takes several months. The 1996 Quality Systems Update survey indicated that it took businesses an average of 15 months to move from the early stages of the process to passage of the final audit, and that processes of 18-20 mo nths or even longer were not that uncommon (ISO 9000 2010). It is really wastage of time and effort to the business owners moreover wastage of time to other employees in the organization. Frequently companies will have a customer who demands that they be ISO 9000 certified to continue doing business. NOW the company has the choice of losing a customer or implementing ISO 9000. Either way money is lost in the short term (Nurre, Gunaman De- Almeida 2000, p.5). Conclusion and Recommendations: The concepts of TQM and ISO play a significant role in improving the quality management system within an organization. It is evident that the adoption of these two concepts has enabled the petrochemical industries to overcome all the problems they were facing before their implementation. The challenges faced by the petrochemical industries can be solved effectively by implementing these concepts. The issues related to the product or service quality must be handled by the experts in the organization. The overall performance of this sector can be improved by framing a standard for each activity that are carried out in an organization, so that the deviations occurring in each activity can be identified easily and appropriate measures can be taken in time.